TAJWID (PART 2 - RULES OF MAD)

TAJWID (PART 2)

MIM & NUN SYADDAH

Syaddah/Tasydid Sign

Wajibul ghunnah - واجب الغنة

  • The obligatory recitation of "ghunnah" is the recitation that must be recited that occurs in the letters nun and mim which means in 2 words for 2 "harakat".

  • Example : 
    • فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ  (Surah Al-Maidah : 3)
    •  فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ  (Surah Al-Maidah : 4)    








RULES OF MAD

1.) Madd asli  مد أصلي -

  • This is the madd without which the letter cannot exist. It occurs when any of the three letters (ا و ي) of of this madd is neither preceded by a hamzah (ء) nor followed by a hamzah (ء) or sukun. It is read with two "harakat" long.


  • Example : 

    • فَكَذَّبُوْهُمَا      (Surah Yaasin : 14)

    • الْمَدِيْنَةِ     (Surah Yaasin : 20)








2.) Madd Wajib Mutasil  مد واجب متصل -

  • This madd is obligatory when a hamzah (ء) follows a harf madd ( ا or ي or و ) within one word. Its duration are 4 or 5 "harakat" and 6 "harakat". 

  • Example : 
    •   ىِٕرُكُمْطَاۤ      (Surah Yaasin : 19)
    •    هَنِيْۤـًٔا          (Surah An-Nisaa' : 4)





3.) Madd Jaa'ez Munfasil  مد جائز منفصل -

  • Permissible prolongation, occurs when a word ends with a harf madd (ا or ي or و) and is followed by a word that begins with hamza (ء). The name here has come about because of it's rule. Madd means to prolong. Jaa'ez means permissible. Munfasil means detached/separated. Its duration is 4 or 5 "harakat".


  • Example :
    •  قَالُوْٓا         (Surah Al-Baqarah : 13)
    •  اَلَآ اِنَّهُمْ      (Surah Al-Baqarah : 13)






4.) Madd 'Aarid Lil Sukun  مد عارض للسكون -

  • Temporary prolongation occurs only at the end of an ayat (or when stopping after a word) that has a harf madd in it (ا or ي or و). This madd is read at a rate of 2,4, or 6 "harakat" long.


  • Example : 
    • لَا يُؤْمِنُوْنَ           (Surah Al-Baqarah : 6)
    • عَذَابٌ عَظِيْمٌ      (Surah Al-Baqarah : 7)






5.) Madd 'Iwad مد عوض - 
  • Compensated prolongation, occurs only at the end of a word that has "tanwin" fath. its duration is 2 "harakat".

  • Example :
    • فَاِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا        (Surah Asy-Syarh : 5)
    • وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّاۚ           (Surah Al-Fajr : 22)





6.)  Madd Leen  مد لين -

  • Madd that occurs when و  sukun or ي sukun is preceded by letters lined up above. The last letter is sealed because of waqaf. Its duration is 2,4,or 6 "harakat".

  • Example : 
    • لِاِيْلٰفِ قُرَيْشٍۙ           (Surah Quraisy : 1)
    • وَّاٰمَنَهُمْ مِّنْ خَوْفٍ     (Surah Quraisy : 4





7.) Madd Badal مد بدل -

  • As for the terminology of recitation, Madd badal is when the madd letter is located after hamzah or madd reading is found on hamzah. 

  • Example : 
    • مَنُوا۟ ءَا       (Surah Al-Baqarah :25)
    • لِإِيلَٰفِ           (Surah Quraisy :1)






8.) Madd Tamkeenمد تمكين - 

  • occurs when a ي "mushaddadah" with a kasr is followed by a ي "sakinah". This occurs only within a word, as words cannot start with a sukun. It is read with 2 "harakat" long.

  • Example : 
    • وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ       (Surah Al-Baqarah : 61)





9.) Madd Silah Qasirah مد صلة قصيرة - 

  • Occurs when there is no ء "qata" after ه "dhamir" and reciting with two "harakat" in length. 

  • Example : 
    • يَقُولُ نَّهُۥإ              (Surah Al-Baqarah : 68)
    •  بِهِۦخَطِيٓـَٔتُهُۥ         (Surah Al-Baqarah : 81)





10.) Mad Silah Thowilah -مد صلة طويلة 

  • Appears when after has a hamzah "qata" and is read with 4 or 5 "harakat" in length.

  • Example : 
    • عَهْدَهُۥٓ                  (Surah Al-Baqarah : 80)
    • بِهِۦٓإِيمَٰنُكُمْ             (Surah Al-Baqarah : 93) 






11.) Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqal مد لازم كلمي مثقل - 

  • Occurs when the letter madd meets with the letter with "tasydid/syaddah" in one word, then the way to read it is by lengthening the reading of the letter madd then insert the sound of the letter with "tasydid/syaddah" with the rate of  6 "harakat" long.


  • Example : 
    • اَلۡحَـآقَّةُ            (Surah Al-Haqqah : 1)
    • وَحَآجَّهُۥ               (Surah Al-An'am : 80)






12.) Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf ( مد لازم كلمي مخفف )

  • Occurs when the letter madd meets the letter sukun in one word, then the rate of madd is 6 "harakat" long.


  • Example :
    • ءَآلْـَٰٔنَ   (Surah Yunus : 51)







13.) Madd Laazim Harfi Muthaqalمد لازم حرفي مثقل - 
  • It is where one of the letters (at the opening of a surah) is pronounced using three sounds, where the middle sound is a harf madd and the last sound is merged with the beginning sound of the next letter. 

  • Example : 
    • الٓمّٓۚ           (Surah Al-Baqarah : 1)
    • صۤالۤمّۤ     (Surah Al-A'raf : 1)






14.) Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf ( مد لازم حرفي مخفف )

  • Each letter is prolonged for 6 counts, except where the above exceptions occur. The letters for this type of madd have 3 sounds. The middle is a harf madd, and the end is a saakin (hence why no merging occurs).


  • Example : 
    • نٓ         (Surah Al-Qalam : 1)
    • قٓ        (Surah Qaaf : 1)






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